In some cultural landscapes, there may be a total absence of buildings. A historic property consistsof all its cultural resources-landscapes, buildings, archeological sites and collections. Imagine a residential district without sidewalks, lawns and trees or a plantation with buildings but no adjacent lands. Most historic properties have a cultural landscape component that is integral to the significance of the resource. In addition to vegetation and topography, cultural landscapes may include water features, such as ponds, streams, and fountains circulation features, such as roads, paths, steps, and walls buildings and furnishings, including fences, benches, lights and sculptural objects. They are composed of a number of character-defining features which, individually or collectively contribute to the landscape's physical appearance as they have evolved over time. Historic landscapes include residential gardens and community parks, scenic highways, rural communities, institutional grounds, cemeteries, battlefields and zoological gardens. Photo: NPS files.Ī cultural landscape is defined as "a geographic area,including both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife or domestic animals therein, associated with a historic event, activity, or person or exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values." There are four general types of cultural landscapes, not mutually exclusive: historic sites, historic designed landscapes, historic vernacular landscapes, and ethnographic landscapes. Patterns on the land have been preserved through the continuation of traditional uses, such as the grape fields at the Sterling Vineyards in Calistoga, California.
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